Nowadays, HPV infection has become one of the most common and important sexually transmitted infections (mainly through sexually transmitted infections), and it has infected most people on the planet who have sex. The peak of HPV infection appears at the age of 18-25 and decreases after the age of 30. When the frequency of dysplasia and cervical cancer increases significantly, the peak appears at the age of 45.
The clinic conducts the diagnosis of human papillomavirus infection, as well as preventive procedures to prevent sexually transmitted infections after sexual intercourse.
At least 50% of the adult population who has sex is infected with one or more types of HPV. In most cases, HPV infection in the genitals is not recognized and is subclinical or asymptomatic. Genital HPV infection is highly contagious and is acquired during the first few sexual contacts. One-time contact infection occurs in approximately 60% of cases.
Risk factors of human papillomavirus infection
Recent studies have shown that HPV is a necessary but insufficient factor for cervical tumors. The risk factors for disease development can be:
- Cellular and humoral immune diseases
- Unfavorable socio-economic status;
- Sexual behavior
- Accompanying sexually transmitted diseases (herpes, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, syphilis, etc. );
- Vitamin deficiency and vitamin deficiency;
- When young
- smokes;
- pregnancy;
- Vaginal malnutrition.
The virus sometimes spreads from mother to child in the womb and during childbirth. In addition, pregnancy is an attractive factor that leads to tumor appearance and growth and transition to tumor. This is due to decreased immune defenses and changes in hormone levels.
Usually, when a patient is diagnosed with a human papillomavirus (HPV) with a high risk of causing cancer, this situation must be dealt with. Usually, the doctor will immediately report the risk of developing cervical cancer. Usually, quite aggressive treatments are prescribed immediately, followed by a biopsy, but, in general, it does not clearly explain what actually happened and the future prognosis. Therefore, if the human papillomavirus (HPV) risk of cancer is detected by PCR, it does not mean that you need to panic. There is nothing serious about this discovery, it is just an excuse for proper inspection.
Cervical screening aimed at screening for human-threatening papillomavirus infections and cervical-related lesions is still a necessary part of medical care, and every woman should remember the necessity of "passing".
How often does the screening take place and when does it start?
It is important to note that the largest number of cervical lesions, including severe lesions, occur at an earlier reproductive age. Therefore, it is more recommended to start screening for cervical pathology as soon as possible after the start of sexual activity. Cervical cytology should start at the age of 18 years or the age when sex first appeared. Because of this method alone, the number of women discovering this disease has been reduced.
How to prevent the development of cervical cancer?
- Once a year, a gynecologist must perform an examination and a mandatory examination of the cervix-colposcopy.
- A simple examination of the cervix is not enough-certain examinations must be done. In other words, there are two questions to answer: whether you have human papillomavirus and whether there are changes in cervical cells that may lead to the development of cervical cancer.
Usually, in general clinics and laboratories, a simple cytology smear test and PCR smear test can determine the virus (that is, an analysis that can simply answer the question-whether the virus is present). These analyses have several shortcomings that may severely affect their accuracy.
Disadvantages of conventional cytology and PCR smear:
Use a flat brush to smear the cervix, and then "paint" the material on the glass. among them:
- The doctor may not absorb cells from the entire surface of the cervix;
- When applied to glass, applying uneven material (thicker somewhere, thinner) will produce smears, which prevents cytologists from fully examining it and correctly assessing all the cells obtained；
- The smeared glass may "clog", which will also affect the evaluation quality of the cells obtained.
The PCR smear results will show the presence or absence of human papillomavirus. It cannot be used to judge the number of this virus, which is very important.
Therefore, the most accurate diagnosis method currently isLiquid cytology method.
The essence of this method is to use a special brush to remove material from the cervix. Due to its design, this brush allows you to capture cells from the entire surface of the cervix and the cervical canal. Next, immerse the brush in a special container filled with the solution. The solution "retains" the cell materials collected by the doctor, prevents cell damage, enables people to overcome bacterial "contamination", and it is possible to transport the collected cells to the laboratory under optimal conditions.
For doctors and their patients, the advantages of using liquids are its resistance to temperature fluctuations, the ability to store cellular material for several years, and the ability to perform additional or necessary tests on all genitals, including genetic testing. For human papillomavirus. . .
A more important analysis can be performed from the resulting cell solution-to determine a specific protein. The identification of this protein makes it possible to clarify this situation when identifying altered cervical cells with signs of indirect transformation. The detection of this protein indicates that the cell has been severely damaged and the possibility of its malignant transformation is high. The lack of this protein indicates that the defect in the cell is not dangerous and the possibility of malignant transformation is small.
All studies can be performed in a vial with liquid cytology materials; patients do not need additional doctor visits, which means simultaneous or sequential virological cytology and genetic testing, so in this case to the greatest extentPromote comprehensive screening of cervical lesions.
The method of using liquid collection materials to examine the infectious pathology of a woman’s cervix is the most logical and economically feasible method. But most importantly, this new technology can improve the efficiency of cervical screening without "missing" women whose cervical lesions already have a "precancerous state".
In the process of researching new technology, a comparative analysis of traditional technology and liquid cytology was carried out. As a result of the analysis of more than 100 traditional cervical smears, only one in five women found "suspicious" or so-called "atypical" cervical cells, and a new liquid cytology study also found itThe second woman.
This triple test allows you to analyze the cells of the cervix with the highest accuracy and decide what to do next.
Such tests are not only important for women whose cervix has been altered or who have been diagnosed with human papillomavirus carcinogenic types. The check must be a preventive check once a year, in this case, you can ensure that you will not miss the possible changes in the cervix.